Offbeat

Ahmadou Babatoura Ahidjo (1924–1989) was the first President of Cameroon, serving from 1960 to 1982. A northern Muslim, he is […]

Mohamed Siad Barre (c. 1919–1995) was the third President of Somalia, ruling for 22 years after seizing power in a

Muammar Gaddafi (1942–2011) ruled Libya for 42 years with a unique and polarizing blend of Pan-Arabism, Pan-Africanism, and Islamic socialism.